![]() Additionally, Unit 731 produced biological weapons that were used in areas of China not occupied by Japanese forces, which included Chinese cities and towns, water sources, and fields. The victims came from different nationalities, with the majority being Chinese and a significant minority being Russian. Victims included not only kidnapped men, women (including pregnant women) and children, but also babies born from the systemic rape perpetrated by the staff inside the compound. Experiments included disease injections, controlled dehydration, hypobaric chamber experiments, biological weapons testing, vivisection, amputation, and standard weapons testing. It routinely conducted tests on people who were dehumanized and internally referred to as "logs". Unit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese armed forces. It was based in the Pingfang district of Harbin, the largest city in the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo (now Northeast China) and had active branch offices throughout China and Southeast Asia. ![]() The unit is estimated to have killed between 200,000 and 300,000 people. ![]() Unit 731 ( Japanese: 731部隊, Hepburn: Nana-san-ichi Butai ), short for Manshu Detachment 731 and also known as the Kamo Detachment : 198 and the Ishii Unit, was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that engaged in lethal human experimentation and biological weapons manufacturing during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) and World War II. ![]()
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